Applying the Horizontal Visibility Graph Method to Study Irreversibility of Electromagnetic Turbulence in Non-Thermal Plasmas

One of the fundamental open questions in plasma physics is role non-thermal particles distributions poorly collisional environments, a system that commonly found throughout Universe, e.g., solar wind and Earth’s magnetosphere correspond to natural laboratories which turbulent phenomena can be studied. Our study perspective born from method Horizontal Visibility Graph (HVG) has been developed last years analyze time series avoiding tedium high computational cost other methods offer. Here, we build complex network based on directed HVG technique applied magnetic field fluctuations obtained Particle In Cell (PIC) simulations magnetized collisionless distinguish degree calculate Kullback–Leibler Divergence (KLD) as measure relative entropy data sets produced by processes are not equilibrium. First, connectivity probability distribution for undirected version finding how Kappa low values ? tends an uncorrelated series, while Maxwell–Boltzmann shows correlated stochastic behavior. Subsequently, investigate temporary irreversibility self-generated plasma, comparing case thermal (described Maxwell–Botzmann velocity function) with distributions. We have shown KLD associated able level reversibility equilibrium because dissipative increases value parameter decreases function departs